ارزیابی نیاز فسفر گندم در خاک‌های آهکی با استفاده از هم‌دما های جذب فسفر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

چکیده

جذب فسفر در خاک­ها یکی از فرآیندهای کلیدی در تعیین قابلیت جذب آن برای گیاهان می­باشد. تحقیقات گسترده نشان داده است که فسفر توصیه شده را می­توان بر اساس ویژگی­های جذب خاک بهبود بخشید. در این مطالعه هم­دماهای جذب فسفر برای خاک­های مختلف که تحت کشت گندم بودند رسم گردید. از منحنی­های جذب برای اضافه کردن کود فسفر به خاک گلدان­ها بطوریکه غلظت تعادلی فسفر در محلول خاک از 075/0 تا 2/1 میلی گرم در لیتر تغییر کند، استفاده شد. گیاه گندم به مدت شش هفته رشد داده شد. رفتار جذب فسفر به خوبی بوسیله معادله های فروندلیچ و ون­های توضیح داده شدند (997/0-927/0R2=  و 999/0-949/0R2= به ترتیب برای معادله­های فروندلیچ و ون­های). در اکثر خاک­ها هنگامیکه فسفر در محلول خاک  در 3/0 میلی گرم در لیتر تنظیم شد، عملکرد به بیش از 85 درصد ماکزیمم رسید. نیاز استاندارد فسفر (SPR[1]) برای خاک­ها مورد مطالعه، که به صورت مقدار فسفر جذب شده در غلظت تعادلی  3/0 میلی گرم در لیتر تعریف شد، دامنه ای بین 157-19  میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم به دست آمد. همبستگی خطی بین فسفر اضافه شده و فسفر استخراج شده با روش اولسن در تمام خاک­ها بدست آمد که R2 آن بین 96/0 تا 99/0 با میانگین 98/0 بود و شیب خط برازش شده به داده­های فسفر استخراج شده در مقابل فسفر اضافه شده از 23/0 تا 47/0 تغییر کرد که متوسط آن 38/0 بود. بازیافت فسفر از 12 تا 50 درصد تغییر کرد و میانگین آن 37 در صد بود. این بدان معناست که حدودا 63 درصد فسفر اضافه شده بصورت غیر قابل استفاده در آمده است. تفاوت معنی داری بین میانگین بازیافت در تیمارهای مختلف وجود نداشت. سطح بحرانی فسفر برای عصاره گیر بی­کربنات سدیم (روش اولسن) به روش ترسیمی و آماری کیت – نلسن برابر با 13 میلی گرم بر کیلو گرم خاک تعیین گردید.
 
[1]. Standard Phosphorus Requirement

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Phosphorus Requirement of Wheat in Calcareous Soils by Phosphorus Sorption Isotherm

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Shahbazi
  • M. H. Davoodi
Assistant Professor Soil and Water ResearchInstitute
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus adsorption in soils is one of the most important processes that determine its availability to plants. Many studies have revealed that phosphorus fertilizer recommendation can be improved based on soil adsorption properties. Phosphorus adsorption isotherms were constructed for different soils under wheat crop. The sorption curves were used as a basis for fertilizing soils in pots suchthat phosphate in soil solutions varied from about 0.075 to 1.2 mgl-1. Wheat was grown for 6 weeks.  Adsorption data were successfully described usingFreundlich and Van Huay sorption models (R2= 0.927-0.997 and R2= 0.949-0.999 for Ferundlich and Van Huay models, respectively). In most soils, yield approached more than 85% of the maximum when phosphate in the soil solution was adjusted to 0.3 mgl-1.The standard phosphorus requirement varied from 19 to 157 mgkg-1. There was linear relation between added P and bicarbonate- extractable P(Olsen P) in all soils(R2=0.96-0.99, andmean of0.98) and the slope of this linear equation (by plotting added P against Olsen P)varied from 0.23 to 0.47  with 0.38 as an average. The recovery of phosphorus varied from 12 to 50% with 37% as an average. This means that 63% of the added P was unavailable. There was no significant difference between the mean recoveries in the different treatments. The phosphorus critical level for sodium bicarbonate extractant (Olsen P) based on was determined at 13 mg P kg-1 soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adsorption isotherm
  • Freundlich and Van Huay sorption models
  • Available phosphorus
  • Cate – Nelson procedure
  • Critical level

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 26، شماره 1
خرداد 1391
صفحه 1-17

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