تأثیر گوگرد، فسفر و نقش گیاه بر زیست توده میکروبی و فعالیت فسفاتازهای خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه خاکشناسی تهران، ایران

2 عضو هیأت علمی موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور

3 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گروه خاکشناسی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

آنزیم­های خاک و زیست توده میکروبی نقش اساسی در چرخه عناصر غذائی ایفا کرده و در مقایسه با بسیاری از ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی به تغییرات محیطی و مدیریتی حساستر می باشند. از این رو همواره در مواجه با ورود هر گونه مواد به خاک و یا تغییرات اعمال شده به عنوان شاخص­های مهم کیفیت خاک مورد ارزیابی و پایش قرار
می­گیرند. گوگرد که از محصولات فرعی پالایشگاه­های گاز و پتروشیمی است که بالاخص در کشورهای نفت خیز به عنوان اصلاح کننده خاک مطرح می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر مصرف گوگرد با فرض کاهش pH خاک­های آهکی و افزایش قابلیت فراهمی عناصر مهمی چون فسفر، روی و آهن در خاک، مصرف صورتی همگانی در خاک­های کشاورزی به خود گرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر گوگرد و فسفر و نقش گیاه بر زیست توده میکروبی و فعالیت آنزیم­های فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی خاک بوده است.آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 4 سطح گوگرد (0، 500، 1000 و 2000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 3 سطح فسفر (شاهد، بر اساس آزمون خاک و 65 درصد آزمون خاک) و دو سطح گیاه (با و بدون کاشت ذرت) در 3 تکرار در شرایط مزرعه اجرا شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که وجود گیاه، کربن زیست توده میکروبی، آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی و اسیدی را به طور معنی­دار افزایش داد. افزایش گوگرد باعث کاهش معنی­دار کربن زیست توده میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی و اسیدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. افزایش فسفر، کربن زیست توده میکروبی را به طور معنی­دار کاهش داد ولی کاهش فعالیت فسفاتازها با افزایش فسفر معنی­دار نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Sulfur, Phosphorous, and Plant on Soil Microbial Biomass and Phosphatase Activities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Rezaei 1
  • K. Khavazi 2
  • M.T. Nezami 3
  • S. Saadat 2
1 Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, karaj-Iran
چکیده [English]

The soil enzymes and microbial biomass play a key role in nutrient cycling and have higher sensitivity to management and environmental changes compared to most physical and chemical properties of soil. Thus, these parameters have been monitored as essential indicators of soil quality. Sulfur is one of the by-products of gas and petrochemical refinery that has potential use as soil amendment in oil rich countries. Recently, application of sulfur has been on the rise to decrease soil pH and increase some nutrients availability in calcareous soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of sulfur, phosphorus, and plant growth on soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphatases activity. A split factorial experiment consisting of four levels of sulfur (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 kgha-1) , three levels of phosphorus ( control , application rate based on soil test, 65% soil test) and two levels of plant (with and without corn planting) arranged in a complete randomize block design with three replication under field condition. Microbial biomass carbon and alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were determined. The results showed that microbial biomass carbon and phosphatase activities were significantly greater in the presence of plant than in its absence. The addition of sulfur and phosphorus to soil decreased microbial biomass carbon as well as alkaline and acid phosphatase. Sulfur effect was significant on soil microbial carbon, alkaline and acid phosphatase, but effect of phosphorus was not significant on phosphatase activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil enzymes
  • Soil quality
  • Microbial biomass carbon

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 27، شماره 2
شهریور 1392
صفحه 217-226

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