اثر اگزالیک اسید و ورمی‌کمپوست بر انتقال کلوئیدی سرب در دو نوع بافت خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

3 استادیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور استان کرمان، مرکز رفسنجان

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی انتقال سرب توسط کلوئیدها در دو خاک با بافت‌های لوم شنی و لوم رسی تحت تیمارهای ورمی‌کمپوست و اسید آلی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. این آزمایش با سه فاکتور شامل بافت خاک در دو سطح (لوم شنی و لوم رسی)، ماده‌ی‌ افزودنی در پنج سطح (سطوح 50 و1000 میکرومولار برای اگزالیک اسید، 1% و2% وزنی برای ورمی‌کمپوست، و یک سطح صفر به‌عنوان شاهد) و مقدار آب آب‌شویی در 10 سطح (10 حجم منفذی)، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. ستون‌های خاک از جنس PVC با قطر داخلی 15 و ارتفاع 25 سانتی‌متر تهیه شدند و تیمارها به آن‌ها اضافه شد. آب‌شویی بر اساس اندازه‌گیری مکش خاک صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در خاک لوم رسی با کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست آب‌شویی کلوئید از خاک افزایش و سرب خروجی کاهش یافت، افزودن اسید آلی موجب افزایش آب‌شویی کلوئید از خاک شد البته تیمار 50 میکرومولار اسید آلی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار کلوئید خروجی نسبت به تیمار شاهد و تیمار 1000 میکرومولار اسید آلی شد، کم‌ترین خروج سرب در تیمار شاهد رخ داد و با افزایش غلظت اسید مقدار سرب خروجی ناشی از آب‌شویی افزایش یافت اما تفاوت معنی‌داری بین سه سطح از نظر خروج سرب وجود نداشت. در خاک لوم شنی ‌بیش‌ترین میزان خروج کلوئید مربوط به تیمار شاهد است و افزودن ورمی‌کمپوست به میزان قابل توجهی از خروج کلوئید از خاک جلوگیری کرد که با روند خروج سرب از خاک مطابقت داشت. افزودن اسید آلی نیز موجب کاهش خروج کلوئید شد و بیش‌ترین میزان کلوئید خروجی در تیمار شاهد دیده شد که با روند خروج سرب از خاک مطابقت داشت. علاوه براین، رابطه‌ی بین سرب و کلوئید خروجی در خاک لوم رسی معنی‌دار نشد اما در خاک لوم شنی معنی‌دار شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که حرکت سرب به صورت محلول در خاک ریز بافت بسیار ناچیز و کم اهمیت است، اما با جذب به سطوح کلوئیدها، حرکت آن همراه با ذرات کلوئیدی حائز اهمیت بوده و بدین صورت می‌تواند موجب آلودگی آب‌های زیرزمینی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Oxalic Acid and Vermicompost on Colloidal Transport of Lead in Two Types of Soil Texture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossain Shirani 1
  • haneyeh galedari 2
  • Somayeh Sadr 3
1 Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan
2 MSc Graduate, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan
3 Assistant Professor of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Kerman Province, Rafsanjan Center
چکیده [English]

The present study aimed at investigating the transport of lead by colloids in two types of soils with sandy loam and clay loam textures under vermicompost and organic acid treatments. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design. Treatments consisted of three factors including soil texture at two levels (sandy loam and clay loam), additive at five levels (50 and 1000 μM levels of oxalic acid, 1% and 2% weight basis for vermicompost, and a zero level as a control), and the amount of leaching water at 10 levels (10 pore volume). PVC soil columns with an inner diameter of 15 cm and a height of 25 cm were prepared and the treatments were applied, then, leaching was performed based on soil suction measurements at different pore volumes. The results indicated that, after the application of vermicompost to the clay loam soil, leaching colloid from the soil increased and the discharged lead decreased. Adding organic acid increased leaching colloid from the soil; however, treating 50 µM organic acids significantly decreased discharged colloid compared to the control and 1000 µM organic acids treatment. The lowest rates of lead discharge were in the control treatment and the more the concentration of the acid, the more was the discharged lead. However, regarding lead discharge, there was no significant difference among the three levels. In the sandy loam soil, the greatest level of colloid transport belonged to the control, and adding vermicompost significantly prevented colloid transport from the soil, which was compatible with the process of lead discharge. Moreover, adding organic acid decreased colloid transport and the greatest rates of the transportation was recorded in the control treatment that was also compatible with the process of lead discharge. Furthermore, the relation between lead and the discharged colloid was only significant in the sandy loam soil. The results of this study showed that the movement of soluble lead in fine textured soils was negligible and insignificant; however, a substantial amount of lead discharge was detected through colloidal adsorption transport in soil columns. Therefore, it may be concluded that such mechanism would result in lead contamination of groundwater in these types of soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaching
  • Pore volume
  • Montemorillonite clay
  • Colloidal lead adsorption
  • Soluble lead

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 35، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 75-88

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