اثر ورمی‌کمپوست بر سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم از خاک برخی تاکستان‌های شهرستان ملایر با افت‌های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم ومهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ، کرمانشاه

چکیده

ورمی­کمپوست به عنوان یک اصلاح کننده آلی، اثر قابل ملاحظه­ای بر کیفیت خاک و رشد گیاهان دارد و بیشتر عناصر غذایی موجود در ورمی­کمپوست برای گیاهان قابل استفاده می­باشند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر ورمی­کمپوست گاوی بر فراهمی و سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم از شش خاک سطحی (0 تا 30 سانتی­متر) تاکستان با بافت­های مختلف (لوم، لوم رسی و لوم شنی رسی) است. مطالعات سینتیکی با استفاده از عصاره­گیری پی­در­پی با محلول کلریدکلسیم 01/0 مولار، در فاصله زمانی 25/0تا 72 ساعت در خاک­های شاهد و تیمار شده با دو درصد از ورمی­کمپوست گاوی انجام شد. افزودن ورمی­کمپوست گاوی به خاک­ها باعث افزایش فراهمی پتاسیم در خاک­ها شد. میانگین پتاسیم تجمعی رهاشده از خاک­های شاهد و تیمار شده، به ترتیب 9/526 و 9/547 میلی­گرم برکیلوگرم به­دست آمد. با توجه به توصیف داده­های سرعت رهاسازی توسط معادله الوویچ ساده، فرآیند رها­سازی پتاسیم از خاک­ها احتمالاً متأثر از پدیده پخشیدگی می­باشد. ثابت سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم در خاک­ها بین 9/34 تا 1/132 میلی­گرم برکیلوگرم در ساعت به دست آمد. یافته­های تحقیق اثر متفاوتی از ورمی­کمپوست را بر سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم در خاک­های مورد مطالعه نشان داد. افزودن ورمی­کمپوست به خاک­های لوم رسی با درصد رس بیشتر، ماده آلی کمتر و توانایی تثبیت پتاسیم موجب افزایش سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم و در خاک­های لوم و لوم شنی رسی با درصد رس کمتر، ماده آلی بیشتر و توانایی کمتر تثبیت پتاسیم موجب کاهش سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم نسبت به خاک شاهد شد. بنابراین ورمی­کمپوست اثر متعادل کننده بر سرعت رهاسازی پتاسیم در خاک­های مورد مطالعه داشت. دلیل این امر را می­توان به برهم­کنش ورمی­کمپوست با ذرات خاک به ویژه رس­ها نسبت داد. با توجه به اهمیت پتاسیم در تغذیه انگور و کمبود پتاسیم در برخی خاک­ها، مصرف ورمی­کمپوست در تاکستان­های شهرستان ملایر توصیه می­شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vermicompost Effect on Potassium Release Rate from Some Vineyard Soils of Malayer Area with Different Textures

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zarabi 1
  • Maryam Karimi 2
  • A. Fatemi 3
  • Zahra varasteh khanlari 1
1 , Assistant professor, Malayer University
2 MSc student, Malayer UniversityDepartment of Soil Science and engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Razi University
چکیده [English]

Vermicompost, as a nutrient-rich organic amendment, contains most nutrients in plant-available forms and can influence soil fertility and plant growth significantly. The objective of this study was to investigate the availability and release rate of potassium (K) in six vineyard topsoil (0-30 cm) with different textures (loam, clay loam, and sandy clay loam) treated with 2 % of cattle manure vermicompost (VC), through successive extractions with 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 over periods of 0.25-72 hours. The results showed that VC addition to soils increased the K availability. The average cumulative K released after 72 h from the control and treated soils was 526.9 and 547.9 mg kg−1, respectively. Due to the conformity of data to the Simple Elovich Equation it was suggested that process of K release from soils was affected by diffusion processes. Simple Elovich rate constant values in soils ranged from 34.9 to 132.1 mg kg−1h-1.The VC had different effects on K release rate in soils. In clay loam soils with high clay content, low organic matter and K fixation capacity, VC increased K release rate, while in loam and sandy clay loam soils with low clay, high organic matter, and low K fixation capacity, it decreased K release rate. Overall, VC had a balancing effect on K release rate. It could be related to VC interaction with soil particles, especially clays. Due to the importance of K in grape nutrition and K deficiency in some soils, the use of VC in vineyards is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic amendment
  • Grape nutrition
  • Elovich Equation
  • K fixation
  • K availability

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 34، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 419-434

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